In order to investigate the sources of roadside heavy metal pollution, auto tire, gasoline, gas oil, kerosene, paint for road markings (white, yellow and red), the soot from the discharge spout, auto tire rubber, asphalt pavement, gray paint and anticorrosive on the guardrail were gathered together and analyzed. As a consequence, Pb may be originally from yellow and red road markings, and gray paint or anticorrosive. Hg is mainly emitted from the combustion of premium gasoline and diesel soot is an important source of As, Ni and Zn. Cd and Zn are mainly emitted from the abrasion of tire rubber. The wear of asphalt pavement is considered to be a source of Ni and V. 相似文献
Tricholoma matsutake, a high-class edible mushroom in Japan, has been reported to have excellent biological activities, but difficulty in cultivating the fruit bodies and limited bulk availability have restricted detailed studies. We have developed a method of culturing in tanks, enabling the bulk supply of the mycelia. The preparation (CM6271) exerts modulative effects on the immune competence of mice and rats. In this study, a sodium hydroxide extract of CM6271 was defatted followed by fractionation with a combination of ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration in order to identify the components involved in the expression of the activity, and a single peak fraction (MPG-1) was obtained with reversed phase chromatography. MPG-1 was a glycoprotein (sugar:protein ratio, 94.3:5.7) with a relative molecular mass of 360 kDa, and the sugar moiety contained about 90% glucose. NMR spectra and methylation analysis revealed that the alpha-1,4-linkage was the predominant glucan linkage with alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,2-linkages in the minority. The amino acid composition in the protein moiety was rich in glutamine, alanine, asparagine, leucine, glycine, valine, serine, threonine, isoleucine, and proline. MPG-1 was resistant to degradation with amylase or protease. The oral administration of MPG-1 promoted, in a dose-dependent manner, the recovery of the mouse natural killer cell activity and serum IL-12 level that had been reduced by the loading of restraint stress. The dose of MPG-1 (25 mg/kg) required for the expression of the effect decreases to 1/12 of that of CM6271 (300 mg/kg). Furthermore, MPG-1 formed a complex with TGF-beta1 in vitro, modulating the biological activity of TGF-beta1 by binding to its active form. These results indicate that the mycelium of T. matsutake contains a novel alpha-glucan-protein complex with immunomodulatory activities. 相似文献
Three isolates of Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) were obtained from chrysanthemum plants in distinct regions of Japan in 2006 and 2007. All the original host plants
showed severe necrotic symptoms on the leaves and stems. Amino acid sequence data of the nucleocapsid protein genes of the
three isolates (CbCh07A, TcCh07A, and GnCh07S) showed high identities with those of two other CSNV isolates, HiCh06A L1 from
Japan and Chry1 from Brazil. Furthermore, for the first time the complete nucleotide sequence of the S RNA was determined
for CSNV (isolate HiCh06A). In phylogenetic analysis based on the non-structural protein genes from the genus Tospovirus, HiCh06A L1 was placed in the same genetic group as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Impatiens necrotic spot virus. Host range examination for isolates HiCh06A L1 and CbCh07A showed that green pepper (cv. ‘Kyoyutaka’, ‘Saitamawase’, ‘Tosakatsura’,
‘L3 sarara’ and ‘L3 miogi’) and tomato (cv. ‘Sekaiichitomato’) were systemically susceptible hosts, whereas TSWV-resistant
Solanaceae species, Capsicum chinense, Lycopersicon peruvianum and a TSWV-resistant cultivar of green pepper (cv. TSR miogi), were resistant. 相似文献
Dry matter production, net photosynthetic rate, leaf nutrient status and trunk anatomical characteristics of Fagus crenata seedlings grown in brown forest soil acidified by adding H2SO4 solution were investigated. The soil acidification leaded to decreased (Ca+Mg+K)/Al molar ratio in the soil solution. Dry mass per plant of the seedlings grown in the soil treated with H+ at 120 mg·L?1 was significantly reduced compared with the control value at 0 mg·L?1. When net photosynthetic rate was reduced in the seedlings grown in the soil treated with H+ at 120 mg·L?1, the carboxylation efficiency and maximum net photosynthetic rate at saturated CO2-concentration were lower than the control values. The addition of H+ to the soil at 120 mg·L?1iinduced a reduction in the concentration of Ca in the leaf. By contrast, the concentration of Al in the leaf was increased with increasing the amount of H+ added to the soil. The annual ring formed in the seedlings grown in the soil treated with H+ at 120 mg·L?1 was significantly narrower than that at 0 (control), 10, 30, 60 or 90 mg·L?1. Based on the results obtained in the present study, we conclude that Fagus crenata is relatively sensitive to a reduction in the (Ca+Mg+K)/Al molar ratio of soil solution compared with Picea abies. 相似文献
Typical heterocyclic compounds substituted with various functional groups found in Maillard reaction products were examined for antioxidant activity. Pyrroles exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity among all heterocyclic compounds tested. All pyrroles inhibited hexanal oxidation by almost 100% at a concentration of 50 microg/mL over 40 days. Addition of formyl and acetyl groups to a pyrrole ring enhanced antioxidative activity remarkably. Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, 2-acetylpyrrole, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde, and 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole inhibited hexanal oxidation by >80% at 10 microg/mL. Unsubstituted furan exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity among furans tested. Addition of all functional groups used in this study to furan decreased antioxidative activity. The antioxidant activity of thiophene increased with the addition of methyl and ethyl groups, but the addition of formyl or acetyl groups to thiophene decreased antioxidant activity. Thiazoles and pyrazines were ineffective antioxidants at all concentrations tested. Reaction of all heterocyclic compounds with hydrogen peroxide resulted in the formation of various oxidized products. 相似文献
While environmental pollution and destruction of nature are expanding on a global scale, it is becoming ever more important to comprehend the influence of human activities on the global environment and to consider the future. How does acid pollution caused by human activities influence the environment? When and how has it progressed, what is the situation now and how is it likely to shift in the future? Humans are creatures destined to consume energy and resources in the biosphere. Although we know that drastic and disproportionate increases in the consumption of natural and non-renewable resources have greatly altered the biosphere, reliable data on the actual levels of pollution existing in the past are scarce or lacking. Many methods involving natural or artificial materials have been used for historical monitoring, but there is still a need for new ones, which will allow us to look at the past and think of the future. The newly proposed scientific use of tree bark pockets as pollution time capsules gives us "new eyes" for historical monitoring of atmospheric pollution and changes in the global environment.